Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults, though symptoms often first appear in childhood. ADHD is characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can impact an individual's daily functioning and quality of life.
There are three main subtypes of ADHD, each with its own set of predominant symptoms:
Predominantly Inattentive Presentation: Individuals with this subtype primarily struggle with sustaining attention, organizing tasks, following through on assignments, and being easily distracted. They may seem forgetful in daily activities and have difficulty completing tasks.
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentation: This subtype is characterized by hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. Individuals may fidget, have difficulty staying seated, talk excessively, act without thinking, and have trouble waiting their turn. In some cases, hyperactivity may decrease with age, but impulsivity and inattention may persist.
Combined Presentation: This subtype involves a combination of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. It represents the most common presentation of ADHD.
Key features of ADHD include:
Inattention: Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks, frequent careless mistakes, forgetfulness, and easily becoming distracted.
Hyperactivity: Excessive fidgeting, restlessness, difficulty staying seated, and talking excessively.
Impulsivity: Acting without thinking, difficulty waiting one's turn, and interrupting others.
ADHD can have a significant impact on various aspects of life, including academic and occupational performance, relationships, and self-esteem. The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, but a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors is believed to contribute to its development.
Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive assessment by a healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, who will consider the individual's history, behavior, and symptoms. Treatment for ADHD often involves a multimodal approach, which may include behavioral therapy and or psychoeducation.
It's important to note that ADHD is a real and clinically recognized disorder, and individuals with ADHD can lead successful and fulfilling lives with appropriate support and interventions. If you suspect you or someone you know may have ADHD, seeking professional evaluation and guidance is recommended.